Schmorl’s nodes: Everything you always wanted to know about Schmorl's Nodes Kyere KA, Than KD, Wang AC, Rahman SU, Valdivia-Valdivia JM, La Marca F, Park P. Schmorl's nodes. Eur Spine J. 2012 Nov;21(11):2115-21. doi: 10.1007/s00586-012-2325-9. Epub 2012 Apr 28. Review.   Abstract Introduction First described in 1927, a Schmorl’s node (SN) is the herniation of nucleus pulposus (NP) through the cartilaginous and bony end plate...

INDEPENDENT ETHICS COMMITTEE  or Institutional Review Borad or IRB Introduction The Independent Ethics Committee also referred to as Institutional Review Board (IRB) in many countries, serves as an independent representative and competent body to review, evaluate and decide on the scientific and ethical merits of research proposals. The primary purpose of this committee is to protect the rights, safety and well being of human subjects who...

Plagiarism Introduction Plagiarism, a term that conveys a strong sense of disapproval, is defined in the Concise Oxford English Dictionary as ‘‘take (the work or an idea of someone else) and pass it off as one’s own.” Plagiarism originated from the Latin word plagiarius meaning the theft of words as well as slaves. As evident, ‘‘the very etymology of the word plagiarism demonstrates the antiquity of the concept”. With the...

Impact Factor - A review Introduction Since 1665, when Henry Oldenberg published the world’s first scientific journal, the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, there has been inexorable growth in the number of scientific journals and number of articles published. With the availability of such large quantities of information, it became necessary to find ways through the literature to the most relevant and important documents...

Lateral condyle humerus fractures in children have a special place in all trauma literature. Delayed presentations are seen sometimes and pose a difficult Decision Making Scenario. We a providing a review which might help in decision making in delayed presentation of Lateral condyle humerus fractures Definition Delayed presentation may be defined as untreated fractured of more than 4 weeks duration (some define it as 3 weeks). Since...

  Grading of Open fractures has seen periodical changes over time.  Variable outcomes among different patterns of open fractures with differing severities prompted the development of grading systems that classify them based on increasing severity of the associated soft tissue injuries.  Early attempts by Veliskakis [1] at grading open fractures were refined by Gustilo and Anderson in 1976 [2]. After reviewing their...

What is nucleoplasty?Nucleoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that uses radiofrequency energy to ablate nucleus pulposus tissue in a controlled manner. This leads to a reduction of pressure on compressed nerve roots, decreased intradiscal pressure. A patented coblation  Technology is applied through a Perc-D Spine Wand. Through the wand, one alternates power and voltage for two modes of actions: coblation at 125 V...

Sexual Rehabilitation in Paraplegia or Spinal Cord Injury Introduction: Sex is a legitimate and fundamental need in humans. Substantial changes to both the autonomic and somatic nervous system occur after spinal cord injury (SCI), and result in altered sexual function and fertility potential. For many health care providers it is difficult to understand the importance of sexual rehabilitation in SCI. After spinal cord lesion (SCL), sexuality...

Definition Biological response to particulate matter - characterised by periprosthetic osteolysis - stimulated by wear debris - debris gains access to any area accessible by fluid   Sources of particulate debris   1.  Wear   Mechanisms of wear A.  Adhesion B.  Abrasion C.  Fatigue   Modes of wear   1.  Motion between 2 surfaces designed for motion 2.  Primary bearing surface against an non intended bearing...

Femoroacetabular syndrome - Compiled by Dr Kunal Shah, MS Ortho Resident, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Pune, India. Synonym: “Acetabular rim syndrome” or “cervicoacetabular impingement” Defination Femoroacetabular impingement is defined as the abutment between the proximal femur and the acetabular rim due to morphological abnormalities to the femoral neck and acetabulum .  History Mayer et al. (1999)...